xcbgrab.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*
 * XCB input grabber
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Luca Barbato <lu_zero@gentoo.org>
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_XFIXES
#include <xcb/xfixes.h>
#endif

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <xcb/shm.h>
#endif

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHAPE
#include <xcb/shape.h>
#endif

#include "libavutil/internal.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/time.h"

#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavformat/internal.h"

typedef struct XCBGrabContext {
    const AVClass *class;

    uint8_t *buffer;

    xcb_connection_t *conn;
    xcb_screen_t *screen;
    xcb_window_t window;
#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
    xcb_shm_seg_t segment;
#endif
    int64_t time_frame;
    AVRational time_base;

    int x, y;
    int width, height;
    int frame_size;
    int bpp;

    int draw_mouse;
    int follow_mouse;
    int show_region;
    int region_border;
    int centered;

    const char *video_size;
    const char *framerate;

    int has_shm;
} XCBGrabContext;

#define FOLLOW_CENTER -1

#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(XCBGrabContext, x)
#define D AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM
static const AVOption options[] = {
    { "x", "Initial x coordinate.", OFFSET(x), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, D },
    { "y", "Initial y coordinate.", OFFSET(y), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, D },
    { "grab_x", "Initial x coordinate.", OFFSET(x), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, D },
    { "grab_y", "Initial y coordinate.", OFFSET(y), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, D },
    { "video_size", "A string describing frame size, such as 640x480 or hd720.", OFFSET(video_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = "vga" }, 0, 0, D },
    { "framerate", "", OFFSET(framerate), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = "ntsc" }, 0, 0, D },
    { "draw_mouse", "Draw the mouse pointer.", OFFSET(draw_mouse), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 1, D },
    { "follow_mouse", "Move the grabbing region when the mouse pointer reaches within specified amount of pixels to the edge of region.",
      OFFSET(follow_mouse), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 },  FOLLOW_CENTER, INT_MAX, D, "follow_mouse" },
    { "centered", "Keep the mouse pointer at the center of grabbing region when following.", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "follow_mouse" },
    { "show_region", "Show the grabbing region.", OFFSET(show_region), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, D },
    { "region_border", "Set the region border thickness.", OFFSET(region_border), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 3 }, 1, 128, D },
    { NULL },
};

static const AVClass xcbgrab_class = {
    .class_name = "xcbgrab indev",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
    .category   = AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_VIDEO_INPUT,
};

static int xcbgrab_reposition(AVFormatContext *s,
                              xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *p,
                              xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geo)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    int x = c->x, y = c->y;
    int w = c->width, h = c->height, f = c->follow_mouse;
    int p_x, p_y;

    if (!p || !geo)
        return AVERROR(EIO);

    p_x = p->win_x;
    p_y = p->win_y;

    if (f == FOLLOW_CENTER) {
        x = p_x - w / 2;
        y = p_y - h / 2;
    } else {
        int left   = x + f;
        int right  = x + w - f;
        int top    = y + f;
        int bottom = y + h - f;
        if (p_x > right) {
            x += p_x - right;
        } else if (p_x < left) {
            x -= left - p_x;
        }
        if (p_y > bottom) {
            y += p_y - bottom;
        } else if (p_y < top) {
            y -= top - p_y;
        }
    }

    c->x = FFMIN(FFMAX(0, x), geo->width  - w);
    c->y = FFMIN(FFMAX(0, y), geo->height - h);

    return 0;
}

static int xcbgrab_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    xcb_get_image_cookie_t iq;
    xcb_get_image_reply_t *img;
    xcb_drawable_t drawable = c->screen->root;
    xcb_generic_error_t *e = NULL;
    uint8_t *data;
    int length, ret;

    iq  = xcb_get_image(c->conn, XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP, drawable,
                        c->x, c->y, c->width, c->height, ~0);

    img = xcb_get_image_reply(c->conn, iq, &e);

    if (e) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Cannot get the image data "
               "event_error: response_type:%u error_code:%u "
               "sequence:%u resource_id:%u minor_code:%u major_code:%u.\n",
               e->response_type, e->error_code,
               e->sequence, e->resource_id, e->minor_code, e->major_code);
        return AVERROR(EACCES);
    }

    if (!img)
        return AVERROR(EAGAIN);

    data   = xcb_get_image_data(img);
    length = xcb_get_image_data_length(img);

    ret = av_new_packet(pkt, length);

    if (!ret)
        memcpy(pkt->data, data, length);

    free(img);

    return ret;
}

static void wait_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    int64_t curtime, delay;
    int64_t frame_time = av_rescale_q(1, c->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);

    c->time_frame += frame_time;

    for (;;) {
        curtime = av_gettime();
        delay   = c->time_frame - curtime;
        if (delay <= 0)
            break;
        av_usleep(delay);
    }

    pkt->pts = curtime;
}

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
static int check_shm(xcb_connection_t *conn)
{
    xcb_shm_query_version_cookie_t cookie = xcb_shm_query_version(conn);
    xcb_shm_query_version_reply_t *reply;

    reply = xcb_shm_query_version_reply(conn, cookie, NULL);
    if (reply) {
        free(reply);
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int allocate_shm(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    int size = c->frame_size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE;
    uint8_t *data;
    int id;

    if (c->buffer)
        return 0;
    id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, size, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
    if (id == -1) {
        char errbuf[1024];
        int err = AVERROR(errno);
        av_strerror(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot get %d bytes of shared memory: %s.\n",
               size, errbuf);
        return err;
    }
    xcb_shm_attach(c->conn, c->segment, id, 0);
    data = shmat(id, NULL, 0);
    shmctl(id, IPC_RMID, 0);
    if ((intptr_t)data == -1 || !data)
        return AVERROR(errno);
    c->buffer = data;
    return 0;
}

static int xcbgrab_frame_shm(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    xcb_shm_get_image_cookie_t iq;
    xcb_shm_get_image_reply_t *img;
    xcb_drawable_t drawable = c->screen->root;
    xcb_generic_error_t *e = NULL;
    int ret;

    ret = allocate_shm(s);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    iq = xcb_shm_get_image(c->conn, drawable,
                           c->x, c->y, c->width, c->height, ~0,
                           XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP, c->segment, 0);
    img = xcb_shm_get_image_reply(c->conn, iq, &e);

    xcb_flush(c->conn);

    if (e) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Cannot get the image data "
               "event_error: response_type:%u error_code:%u "
               "sequence:%u resource_id:%u minor_code:%u major_code:%u.\n",
               e->response_type, e->error_code,
               e->sequence, e->resource_id, e->minor_code, e->major_code);

        return AVERROR(EACCES);
    }

    free(img);

    pkt->data = c->buffer;
    pkt->size = c->frame_size;

    return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM */

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_XFIXES
static int check_xfixes(xcb_connection_t *conn)
{
    xcb_xfixes_query_version_cookie_t cookie;
    xcb_xfixes_query_version_reply_t *reply;

    cookie = xcb_xfixes_query_version(conn, XCB_XFIXES_MAJOR_VERSION,
                                      XCB_XFIXES_MINOR_VERSION);
    reply  = xcb_xfixes_query_version_reply(conn, cookie, NULL);

    if (reply) {
        free(reply);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

#define BLEND(target, source, alpha) \
    (target) + ((source) * (255 - (alpha)) + 255 / 2) / 255

static void xcbgrab_draw_mouse(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt,
                               xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *p,
                               xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geo)
{
    XCBGrabContext *gr = s->priv_data;
    uint32_t *cursor;
    uint8_t *image = pkt->data;
    int stride     = gr->bpp / 8;
    xcb_xfixes_get_cursor_image_cookie_t cc;
    xcb_xfixes_get_cursor_image_reply_t *ci;
    int cx, cy, x, y, w, h, c_off, i_off;

    cc = xcb_xfixes_get_cursor_image(gr->conn);
    ci = xcb_xfixes_get_cursor_image_reply(gr->conn, cc, NULL);
    if (!ci)
        return;

    cursor = xcb_xfixes_get_cursor_image_cursor_image(ci);
    if (!cursor)
        return;

    cx = ci->x - ci->xhot;
    cy = ci->y - ci->yhot;

    x = FFMAX(cx, gr->x);
    y = FFMAX(cy, gr->y);

    w = FFMIN(cx + ci->width,  gr->x + gr->width)  - x;
    h = FFMIN(cy + ci->height, gr->y + gr->height) - y;

    c_off = x - cx;
    i_off = x - gr->x;

    cursor += (y - cy) * ci->width;
    image  += (y - gr->y) * gr->width * stride;

    for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
        cursor += c_off;
        image  += i_off * stride;
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++, cursor++, image += stride) {
            int r, g, b, a;

            r =  *cursor        & 0xff;
            g = (*cursor >>  8) & 0xff;
            b = (*cursor >> 16) & 0xff;
            a = (*cursor >> 24) & 0xff;

            if (!a)
                continue;

            if (a == 255) {
                image[0] = r;
                image[1] = g;
                image[2] = b;
            } else {
                image[0] = BLEND(r, image[0], a);
                image[1] = BLEND(g, image[1], a);
                image[2] = BLEND(b, image[2], a);
            }

        }
        cursor +=  ci->width - w - c_off;
        image  += (gr->width - w - i_off) * stride;
    }

    free(ci);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_LIBXCB_XFIXES */

static void xcbgrab_update_region(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c     = s->priv_data;
    const uint32_t args[] = { c->x - c->region_border,
                              c->y - c->region_border };

    xcb_configure_window(c->conn,
                         c->window,
                         XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y,
                         args);
}

static int xcbgrab_read_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    xcb_query_pointer_cookie_t pc;
    xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t gc;
    xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *p  = NULL;
    xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geo = NULL;
    int ret = 0;

    wait_frame(s, pkt);

    if (c->follow_mouse || c->draw_mouse) {
        pc  = xcb_query_pointer(c->conn, c->screen->root);
        gc  = xcb_get_geometry(c->conn, c->screen->root);
        p   = xcb_query_pointer_reply(c->conn, pc, NULL);
        geo = xcb_get_geometry_reply(c->conn, gc, NULL);
    }

    if (c->follow_mouse && p->same_screen)
        xcbgrab_reposition(s, p, geo);

    if (c->show_region)
        xcbgrab_update_region(s);

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
    if (c->has_shm && xcbgrab_frame_shm(s, pkt) < 0)
        c->has_shm = 0;
#endif
    if (!c->has_shm)
        ret = xcbgrab_frame(s, pkt);

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_XFIXES
    if (ret >= 0 && c->draw_mouse && p->same_screen)
        xcbgrab_draw_mouse(s, pkt, p, geo);
#endif

    free(p);
    free(geo);

    return ret;
}

static av_cold int xcbgrab_read_close(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *ctx = s->priv_data;

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
    if (ctx->buffer) {
        shmdt(ctx->buffer);
    }
#endif

    xcb_disconnect(ctx->conn);

    return 0;
}

static xcb_screen_t *get_screen(const xcb_setup_t *setup, int screen_num)
{
    xcb_screen_iterator_t it = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup);
    xcb_screen_t *screen     = NULL;

    for (; it.rem > 0; xcb_screen_next (&it)) {
        if (!screen_num) {
            screen = it.data;
            break;
        }

        screen_num--;
    }

    return screen;
}

static int pixfmt_from_pixmap_format(AVFormatContext *s, int depth,
                                     int *pix_fmt)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c        = s->priv_data;
    const xcb_setup_t *setup = xcb_get_setup(c->conn);
    const xcb_format_t *fmt  = xcb_setup_pixmap_formats(setup);
    int length               = xcb_setup_pixmap_formats_length(setup);

    *pix_fmt = 0;

    while (length--) {
        if (fmt->depth == depth) {
            switch (depth) {
            case 32:
                if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 32)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB;
                break;
            case 24:
                if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 32)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB32;
                else if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 24)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24;
                break;
            case 16:
                if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 16)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565;
                break;
            case 15:
                if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 16)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555;
                break;
            case 8:
                if (fmt->bits_per_pixel == 8)
                    *pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB8;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (*pix_fmt) {
            c->bpp        = fmt->bits_per_pixel;
            c->frame_size = c->width * c->height * fmt->bits_per_pixel / 8;
            return 0;
        }

        fmt++;
    }
    avpriv_report_missing_feature(s, "Mapping this pixmap format");

    return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
}

static int create_stream(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    AVStream *st      = avformat_new_stream(s, NULL);
    xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t gc;
    xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geo;
    int ret;

    if (!st)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    ret = av_parse_video_size(&c->width, &c->height, c->video_size);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    ret = av_parse_video_rate(&st->avg_frame_rate, c->framerate);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, 1, 1000000);

    gc  = xcb_get_geometry(c->conn, c->screen->root);
    geo = xcb_get_geometry_reply(c->conn, gc, NULL);

    if (c->x + c->width > geo->width ||
        c->y + c->height > geo->height) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Capture area %dx%d at position %d.%d "
               "outside the screen size %dx%d\n",
               c->width, c->height,
               c->x, c->y,
               geo->width, geo->height);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    c->time_base  = (AVRational){ st->avg_frame_rate.den,
                                  st->avg_frame_rate.num };
    c->time_frame = av_gettime();

    st->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    st->codecpar->codec_id   = AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO;
    st->codecpar->width      = c->width;
    st->codecpar->height     = c->height;

    ret = pixfmt_from_pixmap_format(s, geo->depth, &st->codecpar->format);

    free(geo);

    return ret;
}

static void draw_rectangle(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    xcb_gcontext_t gc = xcb_generate_id(c->conn);
    uint32_t mask     = XCB_GC_FOREGROUND |
                        XCB_GC_BACKGROUND |
                        XCB_GC_LINE_WIDTH |
                        XCB_GC_LINE_STYLE |
                        XCB_GC_FILL_STYLE;
    uint32_t values[] = { c->screen->black_pixel,
                          c->screen->white_pixel,
                          c->region_border,
                          XCB_LINE_STYLE_DOUBLE_DASH,
                          XCB_FILL_STYLE_SOLID };
    xcb_rectangle_t r = { 1, 1,
                          c->width  + c->region_border * 2 - 3,
                          c->height + c->region_border * 2 - 3 };

    xcb_create_gc(c->conn, gc, c->window, mask, values);

    xcb_poly_rectangle(c->conn, c->window, gc, 1, &r);
}

static void setup_window(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    uint32_t mask     = XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
    uint32_t values[] = { 1,
                          XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE |
                          XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY };
    av_unused xcb_rectangle_t rect = { 0, 0, c->width, c->height };

    c->window = xcb_generate_id(c->conn);

    xcb_create_window(c->conn, XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT,
                      c->window,
                      c->screen->root,
                      c->x - c->region_border,
                      c->y - c->region_border,
                      c->width + c->region_border * 2,
                      c->height + c->region_border * 2,
                      0,
                      XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
                      XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT,
                      mask, values);

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHAPE
    xcb_shape_rectangles(c->conn, XCB_SHAPE_SO_SUBTRACT,
                         XCB_SHAPE_SK_BOUNDING, XCB_CLIP_ORDERING_UNSORTED,
                         c->window,
                         c->region_border, c->region_border,
                         1, &rect);
#endif

    xcb_map_window(c->conn, c->window);

    draw_rectangle(s);
}

static av_cold int xcbgrab_read_header(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    XCBGrabContext *c = s->priv_data;
    int screen_num, ret;
    const xcb_setup_t *setup;
    char *display_name = av_strdup(s->url);

    if (!display_name)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    if (!sscanf(s->url, "%[^+]+%d,%d", display_name, &c->x, &c->y)) {
        *display_name = 0;
        sscanf(s->url, "+%d,%d", &c->x, &c->y);
    }

    c->conn = xcb_connect(display_name[0] ? display_name : NULL, &screen_num);
    av_freep(&display_name);

    if ((ret = xcb_connection_has_error(c->conn))) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open display %s, error %d.\n",
               s->url[0] ? s->url : "default", ret);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }

    setup = xcb_get_setup(c->conn);

    c->screen = get_screen(setup, screen_num);
    if (!c->screen) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "The screen %d does not exist.\n",
               screen_num);
        xcbgrab_read_close(s);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }

    ret = create_stream(s);

    if (ret < 0) {
        xcbgrab_read_close(s);
        return ret;
    }

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_SHM
    if ((c->has_shm = check_shm(c->conn)))
        c->segment = xcb_generate_id(c->conn);
#endif

#if CONFIG_LIBXCB_XFIXES
    if (c->draw_mouse) {
        if (!(c->draw_mouse = check_xfixes(c->conn))) {
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING,
                   "XFixes not available, cannot draw the mouse.\n");
        }
        if (c->bpp < 24) {
            avpriv_report_missing_feature(s, "%d bits per pixel screen",
                                          c->bpp);
            c->draw_mouse = 0;
        }
    }
#endif

    if (c->show_region)
        setup_window(s);

    return 0;
}

AVInputFormat ff_xcbgrab_demuxer = {
    .name           = "x11grab",
    .long_name      = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("X11 screen capture, using XCB"),
    .priv_data_size = sizeof(XCBGrabContext),
    .read_header    = xcbgrab_read_header,
    .read_packet    = xcbgrab_read_packet,
    .read_close     = xcbgrab_read_close,
    .flags          = AVFMT_NOFILE,
    .priv_class     = &xcbgrab_class,
};