[Ffmpeg-devel] mpeg transport streams

Marcus Hunger marcus.hunger
Fri Jun 3 14:03:15 CEST 2005


Am 3 Jun 2005 um 10:22 hat M?ns Rullg?rd geschrieben:

> "Marcus Hunger" <marcus.hunger at mugler.de> writes:
> 
> > Am 1 Jun 2005 um 18:10 hat M?ns Rullg?rd geschrieben:
> >
> >> Could you explain the what theory of operation you have used?  What
> >> are the changes you made to the demuxer?
> >
> > The main idea I wanted to implement was that the difference of two
> > pcrs and the amount of data written between the accurrence of them
> > define the actual bitrate. Assuming a constant bitrate is needed, this
> > leads to two requirements:
> >
> > - there must be pcrs.
> 
> Not to mention that the standards is pretty strict about requiring
> them, too.
> 
> > - the value of these pcrs must be calculated using a defined bitrate
> > and the amount of data written since the previous pcr.
> 
> In a non-live muxer that is the only viable approach.
> 
> > Furthermore, pts/dts of the frame-data shouldn't be too much in front
> > of the pcr to reduce caching demands on the player. So I orientated
> > the pcrs written at the pts of actual frame. To still keep a constant
> > bitrate, null-packets are inserted until the pcr equals about the pts.
> >
> > - null-packets
> >
> > Pts-values being in the past of pcrs don't make much sense, so every
> > pts as increased by a constant offset (say 50000).
> >
> > - pts += 50000
> 
> The PCR must not reach the PTS of a frame until that frame has been
> received and decoded.  Do you ensure this?

A warning is av_logged, if a ts-packet is written whose pes-packet has a pts < pcrbase - 
50000. I understand, that this is not 100% correct, but since gops usually aren't bigger 
than 50000 / 90000 seconds, I guessed this value isn't that far from reality. Speaking of 
reality, I analized common dvb streams and found pts-pcr offsets of around 50000. 
Adjusting that fixed value at the beginning of the encoding using gop-size and frame-
rate might be a future improvement.

> > To meet mpegts/dvb requirements of a maximum pcr-interval, a ts-packet
> > with a pcr is written after a certain interval.
> >
> > - pcr-interval
> >
> > Frames do not get interleaved which should be no problem at high
> > bitrates.
> 
> The problems caused by not interleaving frames do not depend on the
> bitrate.  The thing is, a large video frame can easily take 100 ms to
> transmit, which means that the decoder would have to buffer that
> amount of audio data.  Many (hardware) decoder have much smaller
> buffers than this.

I don't get your point. The decoder is forced to buffer data anyway until the pcr reaches 
the pts. Since they might differ of about 50000 (> 100ms) I don't see any improvement 
in interleaving. 

> > All bitrate/pcr algorithms are only done for video-frames, which
> > should be changed to using the frames of the pcr-pid.
> >
> > The base of all timing is the amount of data written and the
> > pts-values. The rtc of the pc is not used.
> >
> > I introduced setting a discontinuity indicator for the first pcr so
> > concatenating ts-files should be possible. Doing this still causes
> > cc-discontinuity-errors and I have no easy idea how to avoid them.
> 
> If you set the discontinuity indicator properly the demuxer should
> ignore a discontinuity in the continuity counter.  I wouldn't be
> surprised if many demuxers ignored the entire continuity issue.

I wonder, if I implemented the standard right. My analizer says I didn't. But I have no 
clue what's wrong. Our settop-box in fact does not care about it.

MUGLER AG
Entwicklung
E-mail: marcus.hunger at mugler.de
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